Les remito a una entrada reciente en ocasión del tercer aniversario del blog, derechoalderecho, sobre la crítica al Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico. ¡Seguimos!
Guns N’ Poses: Altruism gone awry
Hace 5 días
domingo 23 de octubre de 2011
Greatest hits In re: TSPR
Les remito a una entrada reciente en ocasión del tercer aniversario del blog, derechoalderecho, sobre la crítica al Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico. ¡Seguimos!
lunes 19 de septiembre de 2011
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license enforced in Germany
Hace más de dos años, reporté que un tribunal federal dio validez a las licencias Creative Commons. Ahora es el turno de un tribunal alemán. Otro gran logro para la validez de la licencias CC!
Encuentras la info en este enlace, y copio el texto abajo:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license enforced in Germany
Mike Linksvayer, September 15th, 2011
The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (BY-SA) has been enforced by a judicial injunction in Germany. Legal analysis will be added to our case law database in the coming days. Till Jaeger reported the case (in German; English machine translation) at ifrOSS (Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software), where one may also find a PDF scan of the ruling. John Hendrik Weitzmann of CC Germany has provided an English translation of the ruling, below.
Thilo Sarrazin am 3. Juli 2009
Thilo Sarrazin am 3. Juli 2009 by Nina Gerlach / CC BY-SAThe photo at left was used without providing attribution to the photographer and without providing notice of the license used, both core requirements of all CC licenses. This is an exciting ruling for CC, as the attribution and notice requirements are very clearly stated and upheld.
Additionally, we have been permitted to reveal that the defendant was a far-right party. This is somewhat ironic, given that an occasional objection to using a CC license is that one’s work could be exploited by Nazis (or other extremely objectionable parties). Of course the defendants could have correctly complied with the license (if they were smart and diligent enough), but then CC licenses contain further protections for reputation and integrity.
The photographer and plaintiff, Nina Gerlach, is an active editor of German Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects (all of which use BY-SA as their default license), and a member of Wikimedia Germany, where her spouse, Mathias Schindler is employed. The case was handled by Till Jaeger (who wrote about the case at ifrOSS, see above), a partner at the law firm JBB and a widely recognized expert in open licenses.
Gerlach said “I wanted to support the concept of free licenses that give permission for everybody to use content but come with a set of requirements, such as attribution.” She will donate any damages awarded by the court if there is money left in the end, and has already donated 100 euro to a project that created public domain and freely licensed songbooks for kindergartens.
Creative Commons is once again pleased that among millions of uses of its licenses, the courts are rarely involved — the licenses allow licensors and licensees to easily avoid transaction costs, let alone the costs of court. We are equally pleased that when a case involving a CC license is taken to court, whether to uphold the rights of the licensor (as in this case) or the licensee, that courts have held that the licenses are enforceable copyright licenses as one would expect.
English translation of ruling
Key
ZPO is the civil proceedings act,
UrhG is the Urheberrechtsgesetz (copyright act),
BGH is the Federal Supreme Court,
KG is the Berlin Supreme Court,
GRUR, NJW and WRP are journals,
to “credibly show” something is roughly to establish prima facie evidence.
Translation and key provided by John Hendrik Weitzmann
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION RULING
In the preliminary injunction matter
of Ms. …
Applicant,
- Proceedings Representatives:
JBB Lawyers,
Christinenstraße 18/19, 10119 Berlin,-
against
the …
represented by its chairman
Defendant,
it is commanded by way of preliminary injunction, due to special exigency without oral hearing, according to s. 935 ff., 91 ZPO:
1. The Defendant is, in order to avoid a penalty to be ordained by the Court for every case of non-compliance of up to 250.000,00 EUR, alternatively arrest for disobedience to court orders, or an arrest of up to six months, the latter to be executed in the person of the party chairman, prohibited, to reproduce and/or make publicly available the following photo without naming the creator and adding the license text or its full internet address corresponding to the license terms of the Creative Commons license “Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Unported”:
[photo of Thilo Sarrazin]
2. The Defendant has to bear the costs of the proceedings.
3. The proceedings value is set to 4.000,00 EUR.
Rationale:
I.
The Applicant has credibly shown the following:
She has created the photo mentioned in the decision and released it for further use under the terms of the so-called Creative Commons license “Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Unported”. According to these terms, in case of use the creator must be named and there must be either a copy of the license text attached or the full internet address in the form of the Uniform Resource Identifier must be provided. The Defendant published the photo on its website under the address www.die-rechte.info without giving the aforementioned information. The applicant first took notice of the publication on September 9th 2010.
II.
This triggers the urgent entitlement to injunctive relief according to s. 97 ss. 1 in combination with s. 19a UrhG.
The photo enjoys copyright protection as a photographic work in the meaning of s. 2 ss. 1 No. 5 UrhG or as a photograph in the meaning of s. 72 UrhG. As the Defendant put the photo on its website while in breach of the aforementioned license terms, this constituted a use not covered by the permission of the Applicant and thus an unlawful use in the meaning of s. 97 ss. 1 UrhG.
The risk of recurrent infringement as a prerequisite for the entitlement follows from the occurrence of the breach; the risk could have been dispelled only by a declaration under penalty of law to cease and desist (BGH GRUR 1985, 155, 156 = NJW 1985, 191, 191 – Penalty up to … ! – mentioning further sources).
A preliminary ruling seems also “necessary” in the meaning of s. 940 ZPO, because the Applicant cannot be expected to tolerate a possible further infringement of her rights until main proceedings are run.
The set value of the proceedings equals two thirds of the value of the main proceedings (see KG WRP 2005, 368, 369).
Dr. Scholz Klinger von Bresinsky
Encuentras la info en este enlace, y copio el texto abajo:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license enforced in Germany
Mike Linksvayer, September 15th, 2011
The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (BY-SA) has been enforced by a judicial injunction in Germany. Legal analysis will be added to our case law database in the coming days. Till Jaeger reported the case (in German; English machine translation) at ifrOSS (Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software), where one may also find a PDF scan of the ruling. John Hendrik Weitzmann of CC Germany has provided an English translation of the ruling, below.
Thilo Sarrazin am 3. Juli 2009
Thilo Sarrazin am 3. Juli 2009 by Nina Gerlach / CC BY-SAThe photo at left was used without providing attribution to the photographer and without providing notice of the license used, both core requirements of all CC licenses. This is an exciting ruling for CC, as the attribution and notice requirements are very clearly stated and upheld.
Additionally, we have been permitted to reveal that the defendant was a far-right party. This is somewhat ironic, given that an occasional objection to using a CC license is that one’s work could be exploited by Nazis (or other extremely objectionable parties). Of course the defendants could have correctly complied with the license (if they were smart and diligent enough), but then CC licenses contain further protections for reputation and integrity.
The photographer and plaintiff, Nina Gerlach, is an active editor of German Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects (all of which use BY-SA as their default license), and a member of Wikimedia Germany, where her spouse, Mathias Schindler is employed. The case was handled by Till Jaeger (who wrote about the case at ifrOSS, see above), a partner at the law firm JBB and a widely recognized expert in open licenses.
Gerlach said “I wanted to support the concept of free licenses that give permission for everybody to use content but come with a set of requirements, such as attribution.” She will donate any damages awarded by the court if there is money left in the end, and has already donated 100 euro to a project that created public domain and freely licensed songbooks for kindergartens.
Creative Commons is once again pleased that among millions of uses of its licenses, the courts are rarely involved — the licenses allow licensors and licensees to easily avoid transaction costs, let alone the costs of court. We are equally pleased that when a case involving a CC license is taken to court, whether to uphold the rights of the licensor (as in this case) or the licensee, that courts have held that the licenses are enforceable copyright licenses as one would expect.
English translation of ruling
Key
ZPO is the civil proceedings act,
UrhG is the Urheberrechtsgesetz (copyright act),
BGH is the Federal Supreme Court,
KG is the Berlin Supreme Court,
GRUR, NJW and WRP are journals,
to “credibly show” something is roughly to establish prima facie evidence.
Translation and key provided by John Hendrik Weitzmann
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION RULING
In the preliminary injunction matter
of Ms. …
Applicant,
- Proceedings Representatives:
JBB Lawyers,
Christinenstraße 18/19, 10119 Berlin,-
against
the …
represented by its chairman
Defendant,
it is commanded by way of preliminary injunction, due to special exigency without oral hearing, according to s. 935 ff., 91 ZPO:
1. The Defendant is, in order to avoid a penalty to be ordained by the Court for every case of non-compliance of up to 250.000,00 EUR, alternatively arrest for disobedience to court orders, or an arrest of up to six months, the latter to be executed in the person of the party chairman, prohibited, to reproduce and/or make publicly available the following photo without naming the creator and adding the license text or its full internet address corresponding to the license terms of the Creative Commons license “Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Unported”:
[photo of Thilo Sarrazin]
2. The Defendant has to bear the costs of the proceedings.
3. The proceedings value is set to 4.000,00 EUR.
Rationale:
I.
The Applicant has credibly shown the following:
She has created the photo mentioned in the decision and released it for further use under the terms of the so-called Creative Commons license “Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Unported”. According to these terms, in case of use the creator must be named and there must be either a copy of the license text attached or the full internet address in the form of the Uniform Resource Identifier must be provided. The Defendant published the photo on its website under the address www.die-rechte.info without giving the aforementioned information. The applicant first took notice of the publication on September 9th 2010.
II.
This triggers the urgent entitlement to injunctive relief according to s. 97 ss. 1 in combination with s. 19a UrhG.
The photo enjoys copyright protection as a photographic work in the meaning of s. 2 ss. 1 No. 5 UrhG or as a photograph in the meaning of s. 72 UrhG. As the Defendant put the photo on its website while in breach of the aforementioned license terms, this constituted a use not covered by the permission of the Applicant and thus an unlawful use in the meaning of s. 97 ss. 1 UrhG.
The risk of recurrent infringement as a prerequisite for the entitlement follows from the occurrence of the breach; the risk could have been dispelled only by a declaration under penalty of law to cease and desist (BGH GRUR 1985, 155, 156 = NJW 1985, 191, 191 – Penalty up to … ! – mentioning further sources).
A preliminary ruling seems also “necessary” in the meaning of s. 940 ZPO, because the Applicant cannot be expected to tolerate a possible further infringement of her rights until main proceedings are run.
The set value of the proceedings equals two thirds of the value of the main proceedings (see KG WRP 2005, 368, 369).
Dr. Scholz Klinger von Bresinsky
Hablar en Privado @ 80grados
Se publica en 80grados mi columna “Hablar en Privado” cuestionando la versión simplista y lamentablemente dominante del derecho a la intimidad, que postula la ausencia de ese derecho con relación a aquello que hemos divulgado al público. Léela en 80 Grados, y no olvides apoyar a esa revista que tanto necesitamos:
Y es que proteger el derecho a la intimidad aún en público implica fortalecer valores políticos importantes como la libertad de expresión (en la medida en que el derecho a la intimidad nos permite controlar el despliegue de nuestras identidades—controlando qué rasgos de nuestra identidad retenemos, cuáles divulgamos y cómo lo hacemos, es decir, controlando el flujo de nuestra información) y el anonimato (la libertad de no ser comprendidos y conocidos en espacios abiertos, especialmente en tiempos como éstos de vigilancia universal). Crucialmente, con quién desarrollamos relaciones y qué tipo de relaciones desarrollamos es además mediado por la información que compartimos con otros (así, la relación estudiante-profesor está mediada por un flujo de información muy distinto al de la relación médico-paciente, entre amantes, entre esposo y esposa; en esos contextos divulgamos información de manera diferenciada). Por lo que tener cierto control sobre esa información ya divulgada—cómo y por dónde fluye la misma—es importante para mantener esas relaciones personales.
jueves 8 de septiembre de 2011
Headless
Since everyone in PR knows about this (not because of the USDoJ report, but because we live it), I write this in English for those curious about what does it mean to be a US colony in the twenty-first century:
It means having political leaders with no idea regarding our collective destiny, other than those guidelines imposed from above.
This is happening, for instance, with the state of Higher Education in the Island, as the MSCHE has placed several campuses on probation. It is the case, as well, with regard to the protection of civil liberties in courts, as more and more it becomes evident that the only reasonable recourse will be the 1st Circuit in Boston, as the Supreme Court of PR has proven to be inadequate for the task.
The most recent example is the US Department of Justice's report on the devastatingly critical state of the protection of civil rights in Puerto Rico by the police department. Check out the report and NYT article HERE.
It means having political leaders with no idea regarding our collective destiny, other than those guidelines imposed from above.
This is happening, for instance, with the state of Higher Education in the Island, as the MSCHE has placed several campuses on probation. It is the case, as well, with regard to the protection of civil liberties in courts, as more and more it becomes evident that the only reasonable recourse will be the 1st Circuit in Boston, as the Supreme Court of PR has proven to be inadequate for the task.
The most recent example is the US Department of Justice's report on the devastatingly critical state of the protection of civil rights in Puerto Rico by the police department. Check out the report and NYT article HERE.
martes 6 de septiembre de 2011
La Privatización de la Censura
FORO: La Privatización de la CensuraLa Clínica de Nuevas Tecnologías, Propiedad Intelectual y Sociedad (CNTPIS) de la Escuela de Derecho de la UPR, te invita al Foro: La privatización de la censura y sus implicaciones para la libertad de expresión en Internet, a ofrecerse por Jochai Ben-Avie, Senior Analyst de Política Pública de AccessNow.org, una ONG global de libertades civiles en el entorno digital.
Este Jueves, 8 de septiembre de 2011, 3:00pm, Salón L-1, Escuela de Derecho, Universidad de Puerto Rico.
Aquí un blurb:
“Governments, corporations, and increasingly individuals have identified Online Service Providers (OSPs) as a convenient single point of content control, because courts are perceived to be too slow and ill equipped to deal with illegal content and activities on the internet. As such, in many jurisdictions governments have delegated the regulation of content to OSPs. This regulatory framework forces OSPs in most countries to play judge, jury, and executioner in determining the legality of online content, while simultaneously minimizing their liability in its propagation. This has a chilling effect on free speech online, as it is in the best interest of OSPs to block, filter, delete, or otherwise remove potentially lawful content in order to avoid costly legal disputes and/or the wrath of their regulators.”
martes 28 de junio de 2011
martes 3 de mayo de 2011
No a Ex Parte Subpoenas en reclamos masivos contra John Does
Cuando una persona recibe una carta amenazante avisándole sobre una demandad@ por cargar material sexualmente explícito alegadamente en violación a derechos de autor, lo más probable es que llegue a una transacción de un par de miles de dólares para evitar publicidad, independientemente de la legitimidad del reclamo. La práctica se ha convertido en un negocio sumamente lucrativo por abogados en expediciones de pesca, identificando a cientos de individuos, sin evidencia, coaccionándoles a pagar. Válido o no el reclamo, en el agregado, el negocio paga pues en el derecho de autor, las cuantías de compensación son estatutarias y muy cuantiosas (es decir, prefijadas por ley).
Pero ya, como revela esta orden reciente, los tribunales comienzan a entender cuán abusivos pueden ser los subpoenas ex parte por alegada violación a derechos de autor; anunciando que no se prestarán para trucos sucios. Buen provecho.
ip-baker
Pero ya, como revela esta orden reciente, los tribunales comienzan a entender cuán abusivos pueden ser los subpoenas ex parte por alegada violación a derechos de autor; anunciando que no se prestarán para trucos sucios. Buen provecho.
ip-baker
lunes 2 de mayo de 2011
Tecnopolítica
Comparto un borrador de un escrito titulado “Technopolitics and Copyright Regulation,” que presentaré este verano en el Seminario en Latinoamérica de teoría constitucional y política (SELA). Aquí un breve resumen de su tesis. Como siempre, agradeceré comentarios.
A copyright system reflects struggles to define the relationship between competing values. This competition not only manifests itself in copyright law, but also (and increasingly) in copyright technology. Technologies embody contestable social values; values that can be reshaped when deployed in a social context. Copyright technology is no exception and, thus, we experience efforts to reshape the copyright system (and the values within it) by affecting the technological landscape in which it is located (in what I refer to as technopolitics). Claims for a right to hack are but one manifestation of these processes but, as I will argue, an insufficient one at best. Realizing the limits of a right to hack thrusts our technopolitics into broader socio-technical arrangements.
martes 12 de abril de 2011
31 AMIG@S
FAVOR DE 31 AMIG@S: Este verano presentaré un escrito en Costa Rica, que debo someter en inglés y español. Preparé una versión en inglés, pero necesito 31 amig@s que me ayuden a traducirlo al español, una página cada un@. ¿Alguien me ayuda? En el siguiente enlace se pueden apuntar y escoger la página. Les tomará 10 minutos y serán debidamente reconocid@s. MIL GRACIAS!!! http://elplandehiram.org/traduccionSELA
viernes 18 de febrero de 2011
Internet, expresión y control: columna en 80grados
Hoy se publica en la revista digital 80grados mi columna Internet, expresión y control, con la cual me inauguro allí como columnista. Les remito a 80g, para que lean el ensayo en su totalidad, no sin antes colocar aquí su tema central (tomado del texto) y abrir el apetito:
El potencial expresivo de las tecnologías digitales viene acompañado de oportunidades de control estatal y privado muy real y efectivo. Entender el alcance de estas posibilidades correlativas es esencial para el ejercicio pleno de nuestras libertades civiles en la red. Exploro el problema tomando ejemplos de la reglamentación de la expresión a través de los derechos de autor en Internet.
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